Enhancing Therapeutic Processes in Videoconferencing Psychotherapy

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of telehealth, leading to a significant shift from traditional face-to-face psychotherapy to videoconferencing psychotherapy (VCP). While VCP offers accessibility, it also presents unique challenges in maintaining the therapeutic relationship. A study by Cataldo et al. (2023) explored the experiences of psychologists worldwide to identify technological features that could enhance therapeutic processes in VCP.formative.jmir.org+3formative.jmir.org+3formative.jmir.org+3

Study Overview

The study involved interviews with 17 psychologists from diverse countries, including Australia, Italy, the United States, Spain, Mexico, and England. Through thematic analysis, the researchers identified nine key themes and 19 subthemes related to the inputs and processes of VCP. These themes were mapped using the Input-Process-Output (IPO) model to understand how technological features influence therapeutic outcomes.formative.jmir.org

Key Findings

1. Psychologists' Attitudes and Approaches

A positive attitude towards VCP and structured guidelines were crucial for effective therapy. Pre-session phone calls were recommended to build trust and rapport with patients.

2. Trust-Reinforcing Features

Technological features such as eye contact functionality and emergency call options were highlighted as essential for maintaining trust in the therapeutic relationship.

3. Reducing Cognitive Load

Features like screen control and interactive interfaces with other applications helped reduce cognitive load, allowing psychologists to focus more on the patient.

4. Enhancing Emotional Communication

Zooming functionalities and improved eye contact features facilitated better emotional communication, crucial for effective therapy.

5. Engaging Features

Interactive features that allowed psychologists to control the session environment contributed to increased engagement and a stronger therapeutic alliance.formative.jmir.org

The VCP-IPO Model

The study introduced the VCP-IPO model, which integrates technological features into the VCP process. This model emphasizes the dynamic interplay between inputs (technological features), processes (therapeutic interactions), and outputs (therapeutic outcomes). By understanding this model, psychologists can better navigate the complexities of VCP and enhance therapeutic effectiveness.formative.jmir.org

Conclusion

As VCP becomes a permanent fixture in mental health care, integrating specific technological features can significantly enhance the therapeutic process. Psychologists' insights into these technological needs are vital for developing platforms that support effective and empathetic therapy. The VCP-IPO model provides a framework for understanding and implementing these features to improve therapeutic outcomes.